UNIT 1 / VOCABULARY

BULTLER DICTIONARY OF USAGE AND GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS

NEW EDITION

DESIGNED FOR SELF STUDY AND TOEFL PREPARATION TEST

PREPARED BY PROF. WILLIAM BULTLER

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COL NEW BORDERS KRATTIL EDITIONS

BUCHS, SWITZERLAND

MAY, 2007

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Full Bibliographic Information

Title BULTLER DICTIONARY OF USAGE AND GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS

NEW EDITION DESIGNED FOR SELF STUDY AND TOEFL PREPARATION TEST

Author PROF. WILLIAM BULTLER

Published COL NEW BORDERS KRATTIL EDITIONS

BUCHS, SWITZERLAND, MAY, 2007

London: Printed for Ioh[n] Marriott and Iohn Grismand St. Dunstons Church yard in Fleetstreet and in Poules 1621]

Description 

[2], 558 [i.e. 548], 48 p. ;29 cm (fol.)

All rights reserved

Permanent URL https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1966431759510893019#allposts

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PRESENTATION

 It is essential to understand the words, their functions, and the roles played by each one of them in the sentences we write and read every day. Therefore, it is key to know what a verb, a preposition, or a conjunction is, just to mention few since there are more functions that compose the so-called Parts of Speech in English language grammar. This book will provide the readers the essential tools to understand the nature of words, their usage, and meanings in context following a didactic approach, which helps the studious to grasp the essence of the words thoroughly.

 The more we know about the role played by words in the sentence, the better we speak and communicate ourselves effectively, and in that way, our ideas and thoughts will be better conveyed to everyone without doubt and difficulty.

                                                        

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PART ONE: CHOSEN WORDS IN CONTEXT

(GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS)

NOUNS

What is a noun?

 A noun is the name of a person, place, thing, or idea.

COUNTABLE NOUNS

·        commentator

·        loss

·        nicotine

·        palm

·        respondent

·        workaholic

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

·        caffeine

·        compulsiveness

·        cleanliness

·        fulfilment

·        nicotine

·        profitability

·        relieve

·        shopaholism

·        tiredness

·        workaholism

·        broadband burnout

·        handheld device

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VERBS

What is a verb?

 A verb is a type of word which expresses action or being.

·        to ruin

·        to surf

·        to *overeat

·        to overuse

*The proposition over attached to the verbs changes the meanings of them giving the idea of excesses of beyond its habitual meaning. Eg. To overprice, to overdrive, etc.

PHRASAL VERBS

What is a phrasal verb?

Combination of a verb with a preposition, adverb with the value of phrase or idiomatic expression.

·        to bring up

·        to get hooked on (something)

·        to head off

·        to plug in

IDIOMS

What is an idiom?

 Phrasal verb or expression with idiomatic meaning.

·        to be hooked to something

·        to go on a bing

·        to go cold turkey

·        to start with a clean slate

·        to feel compelled

·         

ADJECTIVES DERIVED FROM VERBS (PAST PARTICIPLES)

·        plugged in.  

·        (un)settled.  

·        unprecedented

·        wired

OTHER ADJECTIVES

·        wireless

·        flat broke

·        groupie

·        sweaty

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PART TWO: MEANINGS AND EXAMPLES

NOUNS

·        If you work as a commentator, you work on a talk show TV, on the radio, or at a newspaper writing articles about topics related to current events.

·        When somebody suffers a loss stops getting the benefit of the things it represents.

·        The nicotine is an addictive substance contained in tobacco leaves.

·        A respondent is a person who replies or answer something at a particular moment.

·        If you overwork you have become a workaholic.

·        caffeine an addictive substance contained in coffee seeds.

·        compulsiveness can be described as a feeling of inability caused by the lack of control by not being able to handle certain behavior.

·        When you enjoy a feeling of satisfaction obtained from doing or achieving something, esp. something useful. You have obtained a personal fulfilment, also fulfillment.

·        A pin-slot machine game is a type of machine used in gambling or casinos.

VERBS

·          If something is ruined it cannot be reused, because it is damaged.

·        When one surfs the Web, one uses it to look up information, pictures, and other online stuff.

·          When you *overeat, you eat too much, more than necessary.

·        When a person overuses something he or she uses it more than necessary.

 *We can use over as a prefix to mean ‘too much’. We connect over to the word which comes after it, sometimes with a hyphen after over: Eg.: That boy overate if you ask me. (He ate too much.)

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PHRASAL VERBS

• ·        When you bring up something, you mention it.

• ·        When you get yourself hooked on (something), you pay most of your time to that.

• ·        When somebody heads off to a place, that person goes to that place, go over

• ·        When you plug something in, you connect it to a power source or socket.

ADJECTIVES

• ·        When you are plugged in or wired you are connected or online.
• ·        (un)settled, not steady
• ·        unprecedented, never seen in history
• ·        wireless, without cables, offline,

• ·        flat broke, penniless, broken, without money
• ·        groupie, fan or follower
• ·        sweaty, full of sweat

IDIOMS

• ·        When you get yourself hooked on (something), you pay most of your time to that.

• ·        If you go on a binge, you do too much of something, such as drinking alcohol, eating, surfing the net, or spending too much money.

• ·        When you start with a clean slate with something you start from the very beginning, you start it over.

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